1.1. Additional challenges and opportunities for thermoelectric devices
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. The Seebeck and Peltier effects
2.2. Designing for thermoelectric applications
2.3. Thin film thermoelectric generators
2.4. Material choices
2.5. Organic thermoelectrics - PEDOT:PSS, not just a transparent conductor
2.6. Bi-functional thermoelectric generator/pre-cooler: DC power from aircraft bleed air
3. OTHER PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
3.1. Manufacturing of flexible thermoelectric generators
3.2. AIST technology details
4. APPLICATIONS
4.1. Automotive applications
4.1.1. BMW
4.1.2. Ford
4.1.3. Volkswagen
4.1.4. Challenges of Thermoelectrics for Vehicles
4.2. Wireless sensing
4.2.1. TE-qNODE
4.2.2. TE-CORE
4.2.3. EverGen PowerStrap
4.2.4. WiTemp
4.2.5. GE- Logimesh
4.3. Aerospace
4.4. Wearable/implantable thermoelectrics
4.5. Building and home automation
4.6. Other applications
4.6.1. Micropelt-MSX
4.6.2. PowerPot¢â
5. INTERVIEWS - COMMERCIALIZATION CONSIDERATIONS
5.1. Ford
5.2. Microsemi
5.3. MSX Micropelt
5.4. Rolls Royce
5.5. TRW
5.6. Volvo
6. MARKET FORECASTS
7. COMPANY PROFILES
7.1. EVERREDtronics
7.2. Ferrotec
7.3. Gentherm
7.4. Global Thermoelectric
7.5. greenTEG
7.6. GMZ Energy
7.7. Hi Z
7.8. KELK Ltd.
7.9. Laird / Nextreme
7.10. Marlow
7.11. mc10
7.12. Micropelt
7.13. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST)
7.14. O-Flexx
7.15. Perpetua
7.16. RGS Development
7.17. Romny Scientific
7.18. Tellurex
7.19. Thermolife Energy Corporation
7.20. Yamaha
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Market forecasts for thermoelectric energy harvesters in different applications 2014-2024 (US$ million)
6.1. Market forecasts for thermoelectric energy harvesters in different applications 2014-2024 (US$ million)
FIGURES
1.1. Market forecasts for thermoelectric energy harvesters in different applications 2014-2024 (US$ million)
1.2. Global Thermoelectric implementations
2.1. Representation of the Peltier (left) and the Seebeck (right) effect
2.2. A general overview of the sequential manufacturing steps required in the construction of thermoelectric generators
2.3. Generic schematic of thermoelectric energy harvesting system
2.4. Figure of merit for some thermoelectric material systems
2.5. Orientation map from a skutterudite sample
2.6. Power Density and Sensitivity plotted for a variety of TEGs at a ¥ÄT=30K
2.7. % of Carnot efficiency for thermogenerators for different material systems
2.8. Bulk Bi2Te3 sample consolidated from nanostructured powders that were formed by gas atomization, then hot pressed together
2.9. Calculated figure-of-merit ZT for doped PbSe at various hole concentrations (main plot) and electron concentrations (inset)
2.10. Experimental ZT values for PbSe
2.11. The skutterudite crystal lattice structure
2.12. A sample of skutterudite ore
2.13. Polyhedral morphology of a ZrNiSn single crystal
2.14. Atomic force micrograph of nanowire-polymer composite films of varying composition, and schematic of highly conductive interfacial phase
3.1. A typical thermoelectric element
3.2. Schematic of the inside of a typical thermoelectric element
3.3. Sputtered thermoelectric material on wafer substrate
3.4. Detail of thermocouple legs. (3.3mmx3.3mm area containing 540 thermocouples, 140mV/K)
3.5. Electrochemically deposited Bi2Te3 legs with high aspect ratios
3.6. The fabrication method of the CNT-polymer composite material (top), and an electron microscope image of its surface (lower)
3.7. A flexible thermoelectric conversion film fabricated by using a printing process (left) and its electrical power-generation ability (right). A temperature difference created by placing a hand on the film installed on the 10 ¡ÆC pla
4.1. Energy losses in a vehicle
4.2. Opportunities to harvest waste energy
4.3. Ford Fusion, BMW X6 and Chevrolet Suburban. US Department of Energy thermoelectric generator programs
4.4. Pictures from the BMW thermogenerator developments, as part of EfficientDynamics
4.5. Ford's anticipate 500W power output from their thermogenerator
4.6. The complete TEG designed by Amerigon
4.7. High and medium temperature TE engines
4.8. Modelled power generation vs. exhaust mass flow for different cold inlet temperatures
4.9. FTP-75 Drive cycle simulation results: Exhaust gas flow, exhaust gas temperature and resulting power generation
4.10. The Micropelt-Schneider TE-qNODE
4.11. The TE-qNODE in operation, attached to busbars
4.12. The TE Core from Micropelt
4.13. The EverGen PowerStrap from Marlow
4.14. EverGen PowerStrap performance graphs
4.15. EverGen exchangers can vary in sizes from a few cubic inches to several cubic feet. Pictured also, a schematic of a TEG exchanger's main components
4.16. ABB's WiTemp wireless temperature transmitter
4.17. GE's wireless sensor with Perpetua's Powerpuck
4.18. Logimesh's Logimote, developed in collaboration with Marlow
4.19. A drawing of a general purpose heat source (GPHS)-RTG used for Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons space probes
4.20. One of the Cassini spacecraft's three RTGs, photographed before installation
4.21. Labelled cutaway view of the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
4.22. Nuclear-powered pace maker, Source: Los Alamos National Laboratory
4.23. Power emanating from various parts of the human body
4.24. The en:key products: A thermoelectric powered radiator valve and solar powered central control unit for home automation applications
4.25. The sentinel, a window positioning sensor developed by the Fraunhofer institute in Germany
4.26. Thermoelectric Energy harvesting on hot water/gas pipes
4.27. MSX-Micropelt cooking sensor
4.28. PowerPot with basic USB charger se
4.29. Backside of the PowerPot¢â, showing the flame resistant cable and connector
6.1. Market forecasts for WSN 2014-2024
6.2. Market forecasts for military & aerospace 2014-2024
6.3. Market forecasts for other industrial 2014-2024
6.4. Market forecasts for healthcare 2014-2024
6.5. Market forecasts for other consumer 2014-2024
6.6. Market forecasts for other non-consumer 2014-2024
6.7. Total market forecasts for thermoelectric energy harvesters in different applications 2014-2024
7.1. The three main parts of a Global Thermoelectric solid state generator: a burner, the thermopile and cooling fins
7.2. 5000W for SCADA communications and cathodic protection of a gas pipeline - India
7.3. Small, flexible thermoelectric generators from greenTEG
7.4. Detail of fabricated gTEG¢â
7.5. A greenTEG micro thermoelectric generator
7.6. Thermoelectric generation module to be commercialized by KELK
7.7. Nextreme's evaluation kit
7.8. TheaeTEG¢â HV37 Power Generator
7.9. A stretchable array of inorganic LEDs
7.10. Micropelt's thermal energy harvester integrated with a wirelessHART sensor in action
7.11. Thermoelectric conversion film devices fabricated by printing
7.12. O-Flexx Power StrapTM
7.13. O-Flexx Energy Harvester H30P
7.14. Schematic of Perpetua's Flexible Thermoelectric Film¢â technology
7.15. n-type Mg2SixSny produced by Romny give ZT of ~ 0.83 at 300 ¡ÆC
7.16. Mg-Silicide ingots, hot pressed by Romny Scientific
7.17. Comparison of stability during cycling: Cycle type: heating up to 350¡ÆC within 30 minutes, cooling down to ambient within 90 minutes