1.4. Successful pure electric buses vs addressable market
1.5. Chinese price/performance
1.6. Forecast 2015-2025 with key orders, technology timelines
1.7. Electric bus >8t forecast by powertrain 2015-2025, number, unit value, market value
1.8. Forecast by territory for buses >8t for APAC, NA, Europe, other
1.9. Market forecast for electric buses <8t 2015-2025
1.10. Market forecast for electric buses <8t 2015-2025, number, unit price, market value
1.11. Cost trends - China ready to pounce
1.12. Market drivers and impediments
1.13. Regional differences
1.14. China, India and cities
1.15. Radical change
1.16. Truly global market for similar buses
1.17. Large pure electric buses: first big orders 2014/5
1.18. Weak trend to larger buses but not in China
1.19. Value chain and powertrain
1.20. Hybrids becoming pure electric
1.21. Relative importance of technical options
1.22. Technology disagreement
1.23. Fuel cell buses: progress and potential
1.23.1. Use of solar on hybrid fuel cell shuttle buses
1.24. Background statistics: automotive industry and buses in general
1.24.1. Automotive industry
1.24.2. School buses
1.24.3. Largest bus manufacturers
1.24.4. Review of 2012-2014
1.25. Effect of 2015 oil price collapse on electric vehicles
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Urban logistics trends
2.2. The move to electric
2.3. Motor technology by type of vehicle
2.3.1. Switched reluctance motors a disruptive traction motor technology?
2.3.2. Three ways that traction motor makers race to escape rare earths
2.4. Choice of lithium-ion batteries
2.4.1. 142 lithium battery manufacturers: chemistry, format, sales successes
2.5. Global situation: some recent highlights
2.5.1. Australia
2.5.2. China
2.5.3. India
2.5.4. North America
2.6. Europe
2.6.1. UK
2.6.2. Germany
2.6.3. Sweden, Switzerland
2.6.4. ABB intermittent overhead charging
2.6.5. Turkey
2.7. Asia Pacific
2.8. Latin America
2.9. Africa/Middle East
2.10. Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles
2.11. Electrification
2.12. Drivers of change
3. ELECTRIC BUSES IN CHINA
3.1. China automotive industry
3.2. China bus market
3.2.1. China overall bus sales 2012-2014
3.2.2. China Light Bus Market 2013
3.2.3. China Medium Bus Market in 2013
3.2.4. China Large Bus Market 2013
3.3. Move to cleaner vehicles
3.4. Electric vehicle sales in China 2011-2014
3.4.1. Electric bus policy
3.5. Plug-in EV Sales in 2013
3.6. New Energy Vehicles NEV in 2014
3.7. Leapfrogging technology
3.8. IDTechEx assessment of Chinese bus technology
3.8.1. Advanced technology in latest e-buses
3.8.2. Hiccups
3.8.3. China and rare earths
3.9. Chinese fuel cell activity: 35 organisations profiled
3.10. Chinese bus company and regional news 2014-5
3.10.1. BYD
3.10.2. BYD bus progress and plans
3.10.3. 5th New Energy Vehicle Exhibition Beijing Nov 2014
4. SURVEY OF HYBRID BUS MANUFACTURERS
4.1. Overview
4.2. Analysis of hybrid bus manufacturers by location
4.3. 86 hybrid bus manufacturers compared: HQ, bus and e-bus output range, images, examples and assessment.
5. SURVEY OF PURE ELECTRIC BUS MANUFACTURERS
5.1. Overview
5.2. Analysis of pure electric bus manufacturers by location
5.3. 80 manufacturers of pure electric buses by HQ, bus and e-bus output range, images, examples and assessment
5.4. Kalsruhe Assessment of E-Buses in 2015
6. FUEL CELL BUSES: LESSONS OF 92 TRIALS
6.1. Technology
6.2. Fuel cell bus rollout as planned by Daimler in 2010 but delayed
6.3. Reasons for failure to launch
6.4. Third decade of trials
6.5. Ballard Pyrrhic victory
6.6. Fuel cell cars in trouble, holding back buses
6.7. New competitor
6.8. Window of opportunity closing
6.9. Catalog of shortcomings
6.10. Advances
6.11. Ballard approach
6.12. Fuel cell size reduces, fewer trials, no rollouts
6.13. Program slippage
6.14. US Targets
6.15. US evaluations
6.16. Key observation
6.17. Daimler program today
6.18. Justified scepticism
6.19. Hyundai progress
6.20. Fuel cell bus trials 1990-2015
6.21. Fuel cell bus trials 2011-2015
6.22. Commitment in Europe
6.23. Commitment in the USA
6.23.1. Some of the fuel cell buses currently in transit service in the US
6.24. Commitment in China
7. EXAMPLES OF INTERVIEWS
7.1. Acal Energy UK
7.2. Aleees Taiwan
7.3. Bombardier Germany and Qualcomm USA
7.4. Ebusco Netherlands
7.5. Green GT France
7.6. Hyundai Korea
7.7. IFEVS Italy
7.8. ITRI Taiwan
7.9. Nippon ChemiCon Japan
7.10. PowerHydrant USA
7.11. Proton Power Systems PLC, Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH Germany
7.12. Taiyo Yuden and JM Energy Japan
7.13. University of California Davis USA
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTING
TABLES
1.1. Market for conventional diesel buses, hybrid and pure electric buses > 8t by rationale, end game in green
1.2. Market for electric buses hybrid and pure electric >8t number K sold by year 2014-2025 with examples of orders, launches, technology roadmap
1.3. Market for electric buses >8t by powertrain number K 2014-2025
1.4. Market for electric buses >8t by powertrain average unit price $K 2014-2025
1.5. Market value for electric buses >8t by powertrain $ billion 2014-2025
1.6. Market by territory number % 2014-2025 for electric buses >8t. Major high cost markets in blue.
1.7. Market for electric buses <8t number K 2014-2025 China, other
1.8. Market for electric buses <8t units K, unit price and total market value $ billion
1.9. Price spread $K of buses >8t by region and technology 2012 and 2015, with exceptional prices excluded. High priced market red. Low priced market green. Significant price decrease bright green.
1.10. Market drivers and impediments are summarised below.
1.11. Advantages of pure electric buses, enjoyed to some extent by hybrid electric buses
1.12. Market drivers of future purchasing of buses by region and % growth. Green shows strongest market drivers.
1.13. League table of EV traction battery manufacturers mWh
1.14. The typical chassis-plus-body value chain of hybrid buses 2015. Main added value shown in green
1.15. Trend of pure electric bus value chain - integral bus
1.16. Trend of pure electric bus value chain - integral bus with structural electronics
1.17. Some of the main technological options compared
1.18. Examples of very different bus and freight solutions for essentially the same types of vehicle and some of the relative benefits and challenges. Commonalities highlighted in color.
1.19. Some of the factors increasing pure electric bus range 2015-2025
1.21. 2012 and 2013 production of heavy buses by country from OICA correspondents' survey
1.22. Second quarter YTD 2014 and 2013 production of heavy buses by country
1.23. School bus statistics for USA and China 2015
1.24. First half sales by country for commercial vehicles CV 2013/3/4
1.25. Top five bus manufacturers 2005, 2011, 2015, Chinese in red, with output number of buses >8t
1.26. Domestic bus sales in China in October 2014
1.27. Rank of automotive manufacturers by production in 2013. LCV includes Minibuses," derived from light commercial vehicles, are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat a
2.1. Summary of preferences of traction motor technology for vehicles
2.2. 142 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries with country, cathode and anode chemistry, electrolyte morphology, case type, applicational priorities and customer relationships, if any, in sel
2.3. TOSA bus specification
2.4. TOSA charging infrastructure specification
3.1. 2013sales of some China-made EVs (numbers are from China Passenger Car Association
4.1. Manufacturers of hybrid electric buses and powertrains "chassis", country of headquarters, bus output, e-bus output 2015 (red under 1,000 yearly, blue 1,000-10,000 yearly, green over 10,000), images, successes, assessment
5.1. Manufacturers of pure electric buses, country of headquarters, bus output, e-bus output 2015 (red under 1,000 yearly, blue 1,000-10,000 yearly, green over 10,000), images, successes, assessment
6.1. Fuel cell bus trials 1991-2014 showing power kW by project. Record year shown green; largest power shown brown.
6.2. Examples of PEM fuel cell buses 2011-2015
FIGURES
1.1. Tata Motors CNG hybrid bus in India left and BYD K9 pure electric bus from China right that is the most widely trialled and adopted of its type
1.2. Market for electric buses >8t by powertrain number K 2014-2025
1.3. Market for electric buses >8t by powertrain average unit price $K 2014-2025
1.4. Market for electric buses >8t by powertrain $ billion 2014-2025
1.5. Market by territory number % 2014-2025 for electric buses >8t.
1.6. Market for electric buses <8t number K 2014-2025 China, other
1.7. Market for electric buses <8t units K and total market value $ billion
1.8. Ex-factory lowest price range of diesel, hybrid and pure electric 35-90 seat urban buses in China vs North America/ Europe 2012 and 2015. Chinese cost reduction of hybrids is obscured by move to more expensive hybrids (long range
1.9. Passenger travel by bus by region in England.
1.10. Bus size vs fuel consumption
1.11. BYD articulated pure electric Lancaster bus for 120 passengers with 170 km range announced late 2014
1.12. The value chain is changing radically due to vehicle design being changed as summarised below. Ladder type hybrid bus chassis top.
1.13. Structural supercapacitor as car or bus bodywork, experimental
1.14. UITP summary of technological options for buses
1.15. MAN Lion urban bus with supercapacitors and no traction battery, the favoured practice in China
1.16. EV powertrain technology roadmap
1.17. Percentage share of 92 fuel cell bus trials 1990-2015 by fuel cell manufacturer
1.18. North American sales of school buses 2000-2009, total buses sold
1.19. Top five sales volume of light bus manufacturers in November 2013
1.20. Top five sales volume of medium bus manufacturers in November 2013
1.21. Top five sales volume of large bus manufacturers in November 2013
2.1. Trend of freight transport urban vs long haulage 2010-2025
2.2. Transport of people 2010-2025
2.3. LCV and urban bus usage hours
2.4. Proterra EcoRide
2.5. Rapid battery charging takes place at every third or fourth bus stop along the pilot project's route, which runs between Geneva airport and the city's exhibition center.
2.6. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide by applicational category in 2014
2.7. The approximate number of Chinese manufacturers of electric vehicles by applicational category in 2014
2.8. Fuel and energy current fleet.
2.9. Past to present
2.10. Drivers for the development of propulsion systems for bus transport systems
2.11. Program leading to zero emission urban bus systems in Europe
3.1. China automotive market 1999-2020
3.2. Breakdown of automotive market in China 2009-2014
3.3. Overcapacity in China
3.4. Primary foreign competition in China
3.5. Sales and sales growth rates of various bus types in China from January to April
3.6. Market share comparisons for different bus types in China
3.7. Leading Chinese large bus manufacturers Jan-April 2012
3.8. Leading Chinese medium bus manufacturers Jan - April 2012
3.9. Leading Chinese bus manufacturers Jan - April 2012
3.10. Top five sales volume of light bus manufacturers in November 2013
3.11. Top five sales volume of medium bus manufacturers in November 2013
3.12. Top five sales volume of large bus manufacturers in November 2013
3.13. China carbon dioxide emissions in billion tonnes 1960-2040
3.14. BYD illustration of particulates problem in China
3.15. Opportunities in China
3.16. BYD presentation
4.1. Manufacturers of hybrid electric buses by geographical location
5.1. Manufacturers of pure electric buses by geographical location
5.2. Comparison of pure electric 12 meter buses
6.1. Fuel cell electric bus schematic
6.2. Daimler's technology roadmap for launching new bus technologies to 2015
6.3. The positioning of the planned Toyota fuel cell hybrid bus FCHV-BUS now delayed
6.4. Daimler fuel cell bus status
6.5. Technical advances past and future of Daimler fuel cell vehicles
6.6. Cost potential of fuel cell technology
6.7. Modular fuel cell strategy of Daimler
6.8. Hydrogen infrastructure in Germany
6.9. Ballard presentation
6.10. Percentage interest in different powertrains by bus operators
6.11. Fuel cell powered Hyundai bus on trial in Australia
6.12. Fuel cell bus trials 1990-2010
6.13. Daimler Citaro bus
6.14. Van Hool bus with UTC Power fuel cell
6.15. New Flyer/Bluways bus with Ballard fuel cell
6.16. Proterra bus with Hydrogenics fuel cell (plug-in, battery dominant)
7.1. Aleees bus showing position of two of the battery pack locations and the rollers on which they reside.
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