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Table of Contents 1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1.Overview
1.2.Structure of the report
1.3.Who should read this report
1.4.Research methodology
1.5.Future Direction of Battery Development
1.6.Major drivers for the development of new-form-and-structural-factor batteries
1.7.Status of flexible batteries
1.8.Value proposition
1.9.Challenges and difficulties
1.10.Development roadmap of batteries
1.11.Application market roadmap
1.12.Technology benchmarking
1.13.Consumer electronics giants are moving into flexible batteries
1.14.LG Chem's offerings
1.15.Apple's contribution
1.16.Samsung — never falling behind
1.17.Nokia's approach
1.18.Threats from other power sources
1.19.Typical specifications for a CR2032 lithium coin battery
1.20.Coin cell or thin battery, that is the question
1.21.Advantages and limitations of supercapacitors
1.22.Are supercapacitors threats to batteries?
1.23.Trends towards multiple energy harvesting
1.24.Comparison of different power options
1.25.Business model
1.26.A practical battery is a combination of many considerations
1.27.Strategies for battery providers focusing on new form and structural factors
1.28.Market by territory
1.29.Market forecast 2016-2026 by application (number of units)
1.30.Market forecast 2016-2026 by application (value)
1.31.Market by application in 2016 and 20261.32.Market forecast 2016-2026 by technology
1.33.Conclusions 2.BACKGROUND OF BATTERY KNOWLEDGE
2.1.What is a battery?
2.2.Battery categories
2.3.Commercial battery packaging technologies
2.4.Comparison of commercial battery packaging technologies
2.5.Electrode design & architecture: important for different applications
2.6.Electrochemical inactive components in the battery
2.7.Primary vs secondary batteries
2.8.Popular battery chemistries
2.9.Primary Battery chemistries and common applications
2.10.Numerical specifications of popular rechargeable battery chemistries
2.11.Nomenclature for lithium-based rechargeable batteries
2.12.Lithium-ion & lithium metal batteries
2.13.Lithium-ion batteries 3.WHY IS THE BATTERY DEVELOPMENT SO SLOW?
3.1.Overview
3.2.A big obstacle — energy density
3.3.Battery technology is based on redox reactions
3.4.Electrochemical reaction is essentially based on electron transfer
3.5.Electrochemical inactive components reduce energy density
3.6.The importance of an electrolyte in a battery
3.7.Cathode & anode need to have structural order
3.8.Failure story about metallic lithium anode
3.9.Conclusion 4.THIN-FILM BATTERIES
4.1.Typical thicknesses of the traditional battery components
4.2.Design differences between thin-film batteries and bulk-size batteries
4.3.Most successful commercial thin-film battery
4.4.Typical manufacturing processes for thin-film batteries
4.5.Construction of an ultra-thin lithium battery
4.6.Advantages and disadvantages of selected materials
4.7.Trend of materials and processes of thin-film battery in different companies
4.8.Comparison of various solid-state Lithium-based batteries
4.9.Shortcomings of thin-film batteries
4.10.Units used to characterize thin-film batteries
4.11.Areal energy density vs. cell thickness
4.12.Ultra-thin micro-battery—NanoEnergy®
4.13.Micro-Batteries suitable for integration
4.14.From limited to mass production—STMicroelectronics
4.15.Summary of the EnFilm™ rechargeable thin-film battery
4.16.Thin-film solid-state batteries made by Excellatron
4.17.Stacked micro-batteries4.18.Thin-film battery potentials 5.BATTERY SIZE REDUCTION: MICRO-BATTERIES
5.1.Architectures of micro-batteries
5.2.Introduction to micro-batteries
5.3.3D printed lithium-ion micro-batteries
5.4.Primary Li/CFx micro-battery 6.BATTERIES WITH SPECIAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: FLEXIBLE, STRETCHABLE, ROLLABLE, BENDABLE AND FOLDABLE BATTERIES
6.1.Realization of batteries' mechanical properties
6.2.Stresses generated in a the battery during flexing
6.3.Material-derived flexibility
6.4.Comparison of a flexible LIB with a traditional one
6.5.Thin and flexible alkaline battery developed by New Jersey Institute of Technology
6.6.Flexible battery achieved by anode materials
6.7.Lithium-polymer cells
6.8.Showa Denko Packaging
6.9.Semiconductor Energy Laboratory
6.10.Flexible lithium-ion battery from QinetiQ
6.11.Flexible and foldable batteries: still working after being washed by the washing machine
6.12.Toes Opto-Mechatronics
6.13.Highly conductive polymer gel electrolyte and lamination processes for roll-to-roll li-ion cell production
6.14.Flexion from BrightVolt
6.15.Flexion™ Product Matrix
6.16.Bendable lithium-based battery
6.17.Solid-state batteries
6.18.ProLogium: Solid-state lithium ceramic battery
6.19.Ilika's solid-state micro-battery
6.20.Cable-type batteries
6.21.Cable-type battery developed by LG Chem
6.22.Large-area multi-stacked textile battery for flexible and rollable applications
6.23.Stretchable lithium-ion battery — use spring-like lines
6.24.Foldable kirigami lithium-ion battery developed by Arizona State University
6.25.Fibre-shaped lithium-ion battery that can be woven into electronic textiles
6.26.Fibre-shaped lithium-ion battery that can be woven into electronic textiles (continued) 7.MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
7.1.Printing techniques
7.2.Throughput vs. feature size for typical printing processes
7.3.Comparison between inkjet printing and screen printing
7.4.Examples of production facilities 8.PRINTED BATTERY
8.1.Printed disposable battery
8.2.Typical construction and reaction of printed disposable battery
8.3.Printed batteries from Fraunhofer ENAS
8.4.Fraunhofer's printed batteries
8.5.SoftBattery® from Enfucell
8.6.Blue Spark batteries
8.7.FlexEL LLC
8.8.Paper batteries from Rocket Electric
8.9.Rechargeable ZincPolyTM from Imprint Energy
8.10.Imprint Energy's technology innovations and specifications
8.11.Screen printed secondary NMH batteries 9.BATTERIES WITH OTHER VALUE PROPOSITIONS
9.1.Needle battery from Panasonic
9.2.Batteries with optical properties
9.3.Transparent components for batteries
9.4.Transparent battery developed by Waseda University
9.5.Grid-like transparent lithium-ion battery
10.OTHER LAMINAR AND FLEXIBLE ENERGY STORAGE
10.1.Laminar fuel cells
10.2.What is a capacitor
10.3.Comparison of construction diagrams of three basic types of capacitor
10.4.Supercapacitor
10.5.Thin and flexible supercapacitor – PowerWrapper
10.6.Two product lines fill the power gap
10.7.Battery-like thin-film supercapacitor by Rice University
10.8.Printed supercapacitors
10.9.University of Southern California
10.10.Flexible, transparent supercapacitors
11.MATERIAL SELECTION
11.1.Summary of the electrolyte properties
11.2.Liquid electrolytes
11.3.Solid-state electrolytes
11.4.Gel Electrolytes
11.5.Cathode materials for primary cells
11.6.Cathode materials for secondary cells
11.7.Anodes11.8.Current collectors and packaging 12.APPLICATIONS
12.1.Applications of battery with new form and structural factors
12.2.Power range for electronic and electrical devices 13.WEARABLES: MOVING FORWARD
13.1.The growth of wearables
13.2.Changes towards wearable devices
13.3.Batteries are the main bottleneck of wearables
13.4.Wearables at different locations of a human body
13.5.Wearables: smart watch, wristband and bracelet
13.6.Wrist-worn application examples with flexible batteries 1
13.7.Wrist-worn application examples with flexible batteries 2
13.8.Wrist-worn application examples with flexible batteries 3
13.9.Wrist-worn application examples with flexible batteries 4
13.10.Ankle/foot-worn application examples
13.11.Head/eye-worn application examples
13.12.Electronic apparel & glove and textiles
13.13.Military
13.14.Other wearable application examples
13.15.Summary and conclusions for wearable applications 14.MEDICAL AND COSMETIC — HUGE OPPORTUNITIES?
14.1.Mobile healthcare: Huge growth potential
14.2.Cosmetic skin patches
14.3.Medical skin patches - the dark horse
14.4.Medical skin patch examples
14.5.A list of increasing number of medical skin patch products
14.6.Medical implants 15.CONSUMER ELECTRONICS: WHAT NEXT?
15.1.Future trend in battery for consumer electronics
15.2.Flexibility: Big giants' growing interest
15.3.Thinness is still required for now and future
15.4.Slim consumer electronics
15.5.New market: Thin batteries can help to increase the total capacity
15.6.Will modular phones be the direction of the future?
15.7.Thin and flexible supercapacitor for consumer electronics 16.FROM SENSORS TO INTERNET OF THINGS
16.1.Something new vs Renamed world of mobile phones
16.2.Internet of Things16.3.Batteries for IoT
16.4.Power supply options for WSN
16.5.Rod-shape battery – examples
16.6.Novel examples of thin batteries in IoT devices
16.7.Thoughts about thin and flexible batteries in novel devices
16.8.Maintenance-free wireless power for the IoT: Ready or not?
16.9.Micro-batteries integrated with energy harvesting devices
16.10.Real time clock backup, SRAM backup and microcontroller (MCU)
16.11.RFID sensors/ tags with thin batteries
16.12.Examples of thin batteries used in RFID tags/ sensors 17.SMART PACKAGING AND ADVERTISING
17.1.Smart packaging and advertising examples
17.2.Audio Paper™ developed by Toppan Printing
17.3.Case studies of power for smart packaging 18.POWERED SMART CARDS
18.1.Where will the powered smart cards go?
18.2.Arrangement of batteries in smart cards 19.OTHER MARKETS
19.1.Application examples
19.2.How about printed battery for other disposable applications 20.GLOBAL PLAYERS
20.1.List of global players with descriptions 21.PRODUCT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFERENT COMPANIES 22.FAILURE STORIES
22.1.Companies that have stopped trading 23.END-USER INTERVIEWS 24.COMPANY PROFILES 25.GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS
25.1.Glossary
25.2.Abbreviations
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