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1.0 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Progress
1.3 SC Backhaul
1.4 Scope
1.5 Report Structure
1.6 Research Methodology
1.7 Target Audience
2.0 4G Era
2.1 Traffic Volumes - SCs Help
2.2 Transition
2.3 Typical Features
2.3.1 HetNet
3.0 5G Era
3.1 5G Timetable (3GPP-ITU)
3.2 Look into Tomorrow
3.3 4G-5G Small Cells
4.0 Small Cells Specifics
4.1 SC Developments
4.2 Nomenclature
4.2.1 Group
4.3 Background
4.4 Applications
4.4.1 Indoor Use Cases
4.4.2 Outdoor Use Cases
4.4.3 Public Safety Communications
4.4.4 Summary
4.5 Benefits and Issues
4.6 Small Cell Market
4.6.1 Market Geography
4.6.2 Estimate
4.7 Standardization
4.7.1 Organizations
4.7.1.1 Beginning
4.7.1.2 3GPP Rel.12 and SCs
4.8 Small Cell Industry
Alcatel-Lucent (Nokia)
AirHop Communications
Airvana (CommScope)
Athena (acquired by Google in 2015)
Baicells
Broadcom
BTI Wireless
Cavium
Cisco
Contela
Ericsson
Fujitsu
Huawei
ip.access
Intel
Gilat
Juni
Maxim
NEC 53
Nokia Siemens Networks
Qualcomm
Quortus
Radisys
Ruckus Wireless (Brocade)
Samsung
Spider Cloud
Tektelic
TI
Xilinx
5.0 Small Cell Backhaul
5.1 General
5.1.1 Major Classifications
5.2 Specifics
5.2.1 Change
5.2.2 Differences
5.3 Parameters
5.3.1 Factors
5.3.2 Planning
5.4 Need for Standardization
5.5 Market Characteristics
5.5.1 Components
5.5.2 TCO Factor
5.6 Small Cell Backhaul Industry
Actelis (wireline)
Airspan (integrated wireless backhaul - 802.11ac - NLOS)
Alcatel-Lucent (60 GHz and other)
Bluwan (42 GHz)
BLiNQ (sub - 6 GHz)
Cambium
Cambridge Broadband (Microwave Backhaul)
CCS (28 GHz and up)
Ceragon (sub-6 GHz and other)
DragonWave (microwave)
Exalt (Microwave)
Intracom (Microwave)
Genesis (wireline)
MAX4G (Microwave)
Polewall (FSO)
Peraso (802.11ad; 60 GHz radio)
Radwin (sub-6 GHz)
Ruckus (802.11n) - Brocade
Tarana (LoS, NLoS 3 GHz)
Taqua (Microwave NLOS)
TI (NLoS)
5.7 Summary
6.0 Conclusions
Attachment A: 60 GHz Radio - SC Backhaul
A.1 General
A.2 60 GHz Radio - Point-to-Point
A.2.1 Spectrum Specifics
A.2.2 Oxygen Absorption
A.2.3 Antenna Focus
A.2.4 Combined Effects
A.2.5 Availability
A.2.6 Progress in Chip Technology for mmWave
A.2.6.1 Modulation and Duplexing 106
A.1.6.2 Antenna
A.1.6.2.1 Indoor Behavior
A.1.6.2.2 Outdoor Behavior - FCC Modifications
A.1.7 Summary
A.1.8 60 GHz Radio Developments and Market
A.1.8.1 Synopsis
A.1.8.2 Market Estimate
A.1.8.2.1 General
A.1.8.2.2 Drivers
A.1.8.2.3 Forecast
A.1.9 60 GHz Radio - SC Backhaul Choice
A.1.10 Industry
Athena (acquired by Google in 2015)
BridgeWave
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
Ceragon
DragonWave
Infineon
Lightpointe
NEC
Plasma Antennas
Siklu
Solectek
Sub10 Systems (now Fastback)
A.2 60 GHz Wi-Fi - 802.11ad
A.2.1 Advanced Wi-Fi: Benefits and Issues
A.2.2 WiGig Alliance
A.2.2.1 Union
A.2.3 IEEE 802.11ad - 60 GHz Wi-Fi
A.2.3.1 Status
A.2.3.2 Coexistence
A.2.3.3 Scope
A.2.3.3.1 Channelization
A.2.3.3.2 PHY
A.2.3.3.3 MAC
A.2.3.3.4 Specifics
A.2.3.3.5 Summary
A.2.3.3.6 802.11ad and SC Backhaul
A.2.3.4 Industry
InterDigital-BlueWireless
Nitero
Peraso
Tensorcom
Wilocity (acquired by Qualcomm in 2014)
A.2.3.5 Potential Market
A.2.3.5.1 Market Drivers
A.2.3.5.2 Usage Models
A.2.3.5.3 Estimate
Attachment B: 802.11ac
B.1 Approval
B.2 General - Improving 802.11n Characteristics
B.3 Major Features
B.4 Major Benefits
B.5 Usage Models
B.6 Projections
B.7 Industry
Ackrion
Airspan Networks
Mimosa
Ruckus (Brocade)
Attachment C: E-band Radio - SC Backhaul Solution
C.1 Benefits
C.2 Market
C.3 Vendors
Aviat
DragonWave
E-band Communications
Fujitsu
Infineon
NEC
Siklu
List of Figures
Figure 1: Mobile Data Traffic Growth - Global (Petabytes/Month)
Figure 2: ITU-R Schedule for IMT-2020 Development
Figure 3: 3GPP - Tentative Timeline - 5G Standardization
Figure 4: Major Characteristics - 5G
Figure 5: mmWave Advantages
Figure 6: Macro vs Small BS - Shipped (Ratio)
Figure 7: BS Classification
Figure 8: Base Stations Characteristics
Figure 9: Use Cases
Figure 10: Estimate: SC Global Shipments (Mil. Units)
Figure 11: Estimate: Global SC Shipments ($B)
Figure 12: Rel. 12 Enhancements
Figure 13: Scenario 1
Figure 14: Scenario 2
Figure 15: SC Backhaul Illustration
Figure 16: SC Backhaul Types
Figure 17: (a) Non-ideal; and (b) Ideal SC Backhaul Characteristics
Figure 18: Technological Changes
Figure 19: Summary: Specifics of SC Backhauls
Figure 20: Estimate: SC Backhaul - Global Market ($B)
Figure 21: Estimate: Global Market - SC Microwave Backhaul ($B)
Figure 22: PMP (a) and PTP (b) Architectures
Figure 23: 60 GHz Radio Use Cases
Figure 24: Attenuation in 60 GHz Band
Figure 25: Absorption Details
Figure 26: Directivity
Figure 27: Bands Features Comparison - Illustration
Figure 28: 60 GHz Links Characteristics
Figure 29: 60 GHz Link Characteristics
Figure 30: Global Market - SC Backhaul - 60 GHz Radio ($B)
Figure 31: 60 GHz SC Backhaul Characteristics
Figure 32: 802.11ad Major Features
Figure 33: 802.11ad PHY - Modulation
Figure 34: 802.11ad MAC
Figure 35: Summary
Figure 36: 60 GHz Wi-Fi Usage Models
Figure 37: PM: Tri-band Wi-Fi Chipsets Sales - Global (Bil. Units)
Figure 38: PM: Global Sales Tri-band Wi-Fi Chipsets ($B)
Figure 39: Functionalities
Figure 40: Channel Assignment: 802.11ac
Figure 41: Rates: 802.11ac
Figure 42: Channel Size/Rate
Figure 43: Usage Models
Figure 44: 802.11ac Consumers AP Shipping (Mil. Units)
Figure 45: Illustration - E-band Radio - Backhauling Mobile Network
Figure 46: Regulations
Figure 47: Estimate: Global Market-SC Backhaul-E-band Radio ($B)
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