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1.0 Introduction 1.1 General
1.2 Current Situation and Role of Small Cells
1.3 SC Backhaul
1.4 Scope
1.5 Report Structure
1.6 Research Methodology
1.7 Target Audience
2.0 Stages 2.1 4G Specifics
2.1.1 Traffic Volumes and SC
2.1.2 From 3G to 4G
2.1.3 4G Distinguished Features
2.1.3.1 HetNet
2.2 5G Specifics
2.2.1 5G Timetable (3GPP-ITU) and SCs
2.2.2 5G Advances
2.3 Process
3.0 Small Cells Development 3.1 Rational
3.2 Nomenclature
3.2.1 Group
3.3 Background
3.4 Applications
3.4.1 Indoor Use Cases
3.4.2 Outdoor Use Cases
3.4.3 Public Safety Communications
3.4.4 Summary
3.5 Benefits and Issues
3.6 Small Cell Market
3.6.1 Market Geography
3.6.2 Estimate
3.7 Standardization
3.7.1 Organizations
3.7.2 Interfaces - 3GPP
3.7.3 First Standard
3.7.4 3GPP Rel.12 and SCs
3.8 Small Cell Industry
Airspan
AirHop Communications
Alpha Networks
Argela
Broadcom (acquired by Avago in 2015)
BTI Wireless
Cavium
Cisco
CommScope
Contela
Ericsson
Fujitsu
Huawei
ip.access
Intel
Gilat
Juni
NEC
Nokia
Qualcomm
Radisys
Samsung
Spider Cloud
Tektelic
TI
Xilinx
ZTE
4.0 Small Cell Backhaul 4.1 General
4.1.1 Classifications
4.2 Specifics
4.2.1 Change
4.2.2 Differences
4.3 Parameters
4.3.1 Factors
4.3.2 Planning
4.4 Need for Standardization
4.5 Market Characteristics
4.5.1 Components
4.5.2 TCO Factor
4.6 Small Cell Backhaul Industry
Actelis (wireline)
Airspan (integrated wireless backhaul - 802.11ac - NLOS)
Bluwan (42 GHz)
BLiNQ (sub - 6 GHz)
Cambium (sub-6 GHz)
Cambridge Broadband (Microwave Backhaul)
CCS (28 GHz and up)
Ceragon (sub-6 GHz and other)
DragonWave (microwave)
Exalt (Microwave)
Intracom (Microwave)
Genesis (wireline)
MAX4G (Microwave)
Polewall (FSO)
Radwin (sub-6 GHz)
Tarana (LoS, NLoS 3 GHz)
Trango System
TI (NLoS)
4.7 Summary
5.0 Conclusions Attachment A: 60 GHz Radio - SC Backhaul
A.1 General
A.2 60 GHz Radio - Point-to-Point
A.2.1 Spectrum Specifics
A.2.2 Oxygen Absorption
A.2.3 Antenna Focus
A.2.4 Combined Effects
A.2.5 Availability
A.2.6 Progress in Chip Technology for mmWave Spectrum
A.2.6.1 Modulation and Duplexing
A.1.6.2 Antenna
A.1.6.2.1 Indoor Behavior
A.1.6.2.2 Outdoor Behavior - FCC Modifications
A.2.7 Summary
A.2.8 60 GHz Radio Developments and Market
A.2.8.1 Synopsis
A.2.8.2 Market Estimate
A.2.8.2.1 General
A.2.8.2.2 Drivers
A.2.8.2.3 Forecast
A.2.9 60 GHz Radio - SC Backhaul Choice
A.2.10 Industry
BridgeWave
Fastback
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
Ceragon
DragonWave
Intracom
Infineon
Lightpointe
NEC
Plasma Antennas
Siklu
Solectek
A.3 60 GHz Wi-Fi - 802.11ad
A.3.1 Advanced Wi-Fi: Benefits and Issues
A.3.2 WiGig Alliance
A.3.2.1 Union
A.3.3 IEEE 802.11ad - 60 GHz Wi-Fi
A.3.3.1 Status
A.3.3.2 Coexistence
A.3.3.3 Scope
A.3.3.3.1 Channelization
A.3.3.3.2 PHY
A.3.3.3.3 MAC
A.3.3.3.4 Specifics
A.3.3.3.5 Summary
A.3.3.3.6 802.11ad and SC Backhaul
A.3.3.4 Industry
Analog Devices
Collaboration
Intel
InterDigital-BlueWireless
Lattice
Nitero
Peraso
Tensorcom
Qualcomm Atheros
Additional Information
A.3.3.5 Certification
A.3.3.6 Market
A.3.3.6.1 Market Drivers
A.3.3.6.2 Usage Models
A.3.3.6.3 Estimate
A.4 802.11ay
Attachment B: 802.11ac
B.1 Approval
B.2 General - Improving 802.11n Characteristics
B.3 Major Features
B.4 Major Benefits
B4.1 Waves
B.5 Usage Models
B.6 Projections
B.7 Industry
Ackrion
Airspan Networks
Mimosa
Attachment C: E-band Radio - SC Backhaul Solution
C.1 Benefits
C1.1 Typical Characteristics
C.2 Market
C.3 Vendors
Aviat
DragonWave
E-band Communications
Fujitsu
Intracom
Infineon
LightPointe
Loea
NEC
Siklu
Figure 1: Mobile Data Traffic Growth - Global (Petabytes/Month)
Figure 2: ITU-R Schedule for IMT-2020 Development
Figure 3: 3GPP - Tentative Timeline - 5G Standardization
Figure 4: Major Network Characteristics - 5G
Figure 5: mmWave Advantages
Figure 6: Macro vs Small BS - Shipped (Ratio)
Figure 7: BS: Characteristics and Classification
Figure 8: SC Parameters
Figure 9: Use Cases
Figure 10: Summary: Small Cells Backhauling Choices: Benefits and Issues
Figure 11: Estimate: SC Global Shipments (Mil. Units)
Figure 12: Estimate: Global SC Shipments ($B)
Figure 13: 3GPP Rel. 12 SC Enhancements
Figure 14: Scenario 1
Figure 15: Scenario 2
Figure 16: SC Backhaul Illustration
Figure 17: SC Backhaul Types
Figure 18: (a) Non-ideal; and (b) Ideal SC Backhaul Characteristics
Figure 19: Technological Changes
Figure 20: Summary: Specifics of SC Backhauls vs Macrocells
Figure 21: Estimate: SC Backhaul - Global Market ($B)
Figure 22: Estimate: Global Market - SC Microwave Backhaul ($B)
Figure 23: PMP and PTP Architectures
Figure 24: 60 GHz Radio Use Cases
Figure 25: Attenuation in 60 GHz Band
Figure 26: Signal Absorption
Figure 27: Directivity
Figure 28: Bands Features Comparison - Illustration
Figure 29: 60 GHz Links Characteristics
Figure 30: 60 GHz Link Characteristics
Figure 31: Global Market - SC Backhaul - 60 GHz Radio ($B)
Figure 32: 60 GHz SC Backhaul Characteristics
Figure 33: Licensed and Unlicensed Bands Transmission
Figure 34: 802.11ad Major Features
Figure 35: 802.11ad PHY - Modulation
Figure 36: 802.11ad MAC
Figure 37: Summary
Figure 38: 60 GHz Wi-Fi Usage Models
Figure 39: Estimate: Tri-band Wi-Fi Chipsets Sales - Global (Bil. Units)
Figure 40: Estimate: Global Sales Tri-band Wi-Fi Chipsets ($B)
Figure 41: Estimate: Global Sales-802.11ad Chipsets (Bil. Units)
Figure 42: Estimate: Global Sales-802.11ad Chipsets ($B)
Figure 43: Functionalities
Figure 44: Channel Assignment: 802.11ac
Figure 45: Rates: 802.11ac
Figure 46: Channel Size/Rate
Figure 47: Wave I and Wave II
Figure 48: Usage Models
Figure 49: 802.11ac Consumers AP Shipping (Mil. Units)
Figure 50: Illustration - E-band Radio - Backhauling Mobile Network
Figure 51: Regulations
Figure 52: E-Band Radio Generations
Figure 53: Estimate: Global Market-SC Backhaul-E-band Radio ($B)
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