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ÇöÀçÀ§Ä¡ : HOME > ¸®Æ÷Æ® > ¿¡³ÊÁö > Àü±â/¹ßÀü
The Future of Distributed Generation
¹ßÇà»ç Datamonitor

¹ßÇàÀÏ 2012-02
ºÐ·® 155 pages
¼­ºñ½ºÇüÅ Report
ÆǸŰ¡°Ý

ÀμâÇϱâ

Dr Paul Breeze

  • Disclaimer

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • An introduction to distributed generation
  • Key distributed generation concepts and definitions
  • Conventional fossil fuel based distributed generation technologies
  • Fuel cells for distributed generation
  • Renewable technologies for distributed generation
  • Distributed generation and energy storage
  • Intelligent grid components for distributed generation
  • The economics of distributed generation
  • The future for distributed generation

An introduction to distributed generation

  • Summary
  • The distributed generation model of power supply
  • The structure of the report

Key distributed generation concepts and definitions

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Network voltages
  • Grid coupling of distributed generation
  • Dispatching
  • Back-feeding
  • Intelligent grid

Conventional fossil fuel based distributed generation technologies

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Reciprocating Engines
  • Engine cycles
  • Engine types and efficiency
  • Engine speeds
  • Cogeneration with reciprocating engines
  • Engine emissions
  • Reciprocating engine developments
  • Reciprocating engine markets
  • Gas turbines
  • Turbine types and sizes
  • Gas turbines for cogeneration
  • Advanced gas turbine cycles
  • Gas turbine emissions
  • Gas turbine distributed generation markets
  • Steam turbines
  • Steam turbine cogeneration and distributed generation
  • Steam turbine CHP costs
  • Steam turbine distributed generation markets
  • Microturbines
  • Stirling Engines
  • Micro generation
  • Costs and the cogeneration market

Fuel cells for distributed generation

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • The fuel cell principle
  • Phosphoric acid fuel cell
  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • Molten carbonate fuel cell
  • Solid oxide fuel cell
  • Fuel cell costs

Renewable technologies for distributed generation

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Renewable generation unit sizes
  • Wind power
  • Wind turbine technology
  • Wind turbine markets
  • Solar power
  • The solar photovoltaic principle
  • Solar cell technology
  • Solar thermal power generation
  • Types of solar thermal power plant
  • The solar thermal market
  • Biomass
  • Biomass technology
  • Small hydropower
  • Small hydro technology
  • Applications
  • Small hydro markets
  • Marine technologies
  • Renewable distributed generation costs

Distributed generation and energy storage

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Energy storage and distributed generation
  • Pumped storage hydropower
  • Compressed air energy storage
  • Energy storage batteries
  • Flywheels
  • Capacitors
  • Superconducting magnetic energy storage
  • Hydrogen storage
  • Electric vehicles for energy storage
  • Energy storage costs

Intelligent grid components for distributed generation

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • The microgrid
  • Microgrid projects
  • Microgrid markets
  • Virtual power plants
  • Virtual power plant markets

The economics of distributed generation

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Capacity capital costs
  • The cost of electricity

The future for distributed generation

  • Summary
  • Introduction
  • Electricity prices
  • The distributed generation market
  • The combined heat and power market
  • Domestic CHP
  • Renewable distributed generation markets
  • Other market sectors
  • The prospects for distributed generation


TABLES

  • Table: Network voltage classifications, 2011
  • Table: Grid voltage connection levels for distributed generation in Germany, 2011
  • Table: Categories of distributed generation, 2011
  • Table: Comparison of fossil-fuel fired distributed generation systems, 2011
  • Table: Reciprocating engine types, 2011
  • Table: Engine classification by speed and size, 2011
  • Table: Rich and lean burn engine performance characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Gas turbine types, 2011
  • Table: Breakdown of costs for steam turbine CHP plant (%), 2011
  • Table: Microturbine specifications, 2011
  • Table: Engine costs for distributed generation, 2011
  • Table: California SGIP cogeneration plants by type, 2011
  • Table: Phosphoric acid fuel cell, 2011
  • Table: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 2011
  • Table: Molten carbonate fuel cell, 2011
  • Table: Solid oxide fuel cell, 2011
  • Table: Fuel cell costs, 2011
  • Table: Stationary fuel cell sales by capacity (MW), 2011
  • Table: Global installed wind capacity (GW), 2011
  • Table: Global installed wind capacity by region (GW), 2011
  • Table: Global solar pV installed capacity (MW), 2011
  • Table: Solar cell installations by region (MW), 2011
  • Table: Solar thermal power plant characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Biomass power plant characteristics
  • Table: Small hydropower categories, 2011
  • Table: Small hydropower installed capacity by country (%), 2011
  • Table: Typical costs for renewable distributed generation ($/kW), 2011
  • Table: Pumped storage hydropower characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Compressed air energy storage characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Energy storage battery characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Flywheel characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Storage capacitor characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Superconducting magnetic energy storage characteristics, 2011
  • Table: Comparative costs for the most mature storage technologies, 2011
  • Table: Microgrid key features, 2011
  • Table: Virtual power plant key features, 2011
  • Table: Distributed generation technology costs from this report ($/kW), 2011
  • Table: Capital cost of low carbon generation technologies (£/kW), 2011
  • Table: Capital cost of low carbon generation technologies to 2040 (£/kW)
  • Table: Renewable distributed generation costs ($/kW), 2011
  • Table: Levelized cost for distributed generation technologies ($/MWh), 2011
  • Table: Levelized cost of electricity for low carbon generation technologies (£/MWh), 2011
  • Table: Levelized cost of electricity for low carbon generation technologies in 2040 (£/kW)
  • Table: Future distributed generation levelized costs in Australia (Au$/MWh), 2011
  • Table: US average retail electricity prices by sector ($/MWh), 2011
  • Table: Average retail electricity prices by sector, UK, 2007-10
  • Table: Comparison of international retail electricity prices, 2010
  • Table: Distributed generation market size by year ($bn), 2011
  • Table: Global combined heat and power potential (GW), 2011
  • Table: US predicted combined heat and power capacity to 2035 (MW)
  • Table: UK potential combined heat and power capacity in health, education and commercial sectors to 2020 (MW)
  • Table: Potential domestic CHP fuel cell market to 2015 (units)
  • Table: Future solar photovoltaic market size to 2050 (GW)

FIGURES

  • Figure: Breakdown of costs for steam turbine CHP plant (%), 2011
  • Figure: Stationary fuel cell sales by capacity (MW), 2011
  • Figure: Global installed wind capacity (GW), 2011
  • Figure: Global installed wind capacity by region (GW), 2011
  • Figure: Global solar pV installed capacity (MW), 2011
  • Figure: Solar cell installations by region (MW), 2011
  • Figure: Small hydropower installed capacity by country (%), 2011
  • Figure: Typical costs for renewable distributed generation ($/kW), 2011
  • Figure: Comparative costs for the most mature storage technologies ($/kW), 2011
  • Figure: Comparative costs for the most mature storage technologies ($/kWh), 2011
  • Figure: Distributed generation technology costs from this report ($/kW), 2011
  • Figure: Capital cost of low carbon generation technologies (£/kW), 2011
  • Figure: Capital cost of low carbon generation technologies to 2040 (£/kW)
  • Figure: Renewable distributed generation costs ($/kW), 2011
  • Figure: Levelized cost for distributed generation technologies ($/MWh), 2011
  • Figure: Levelized cost of electricity for low carbon generation technologies (£/MWh), 2011
  • Figure: Levelized cost of electricity for low carbon generation technologies in 2040 (£/kW)
  • Figure: Future distributed generation levelized costs in Australia (Au$/MWh), 2011
  • Figure: US average retail electricity prices by sector ($/MWh), 2011
  • Figure: Comparison of international retail electricity prices (£/MWh), 2010
  • Figure: Distributed generation market size by year ($bn), 2011
  • Figure: Global combined heat and power potential (GW), 2011
  • Figure: US predicted combined heat and power capacity to 2035 (MW)
  • Figure: UK potential combined heat and power capacity in health, education and commercial sectors to 2020 (MW)
  • Figure: Potential domestic CHP fuel cell market to 2015 (units)
  • Figure: Future solar photovoltaic market size to 2050 (GW)


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